Sermons on 2 Timothy 1:1-7


The various sermons below converge quickly on the same pastoral nucleus: 2 Timothy 1:1–7 is a call to convert timidity into Spirit‑wrought boldness by “fanning into flame” the gift Timothy already has. Across the board preachers read v.6–7 together, foregrounding the threefold remedy—dunamis (power), agape (love), and sophronismos (sound mind/self‑control)—and insist that the Spirit is not optional background but the very “air” of any lasting fire. Common pastoral moves include urging intentional cultivation (prayer, Scripture, service), warning that gifts won’t sustain themselves, and treating Lois and Eunice as a paradigm for faith’s domestic transmission. Nuances emerge in the exegesis: some sermons press the Greek anazopyrio as either rekindling or continual fueling; others sharpen “fear” into timidity/cowardice rather than mere anxiety; some stress credence+commitment as the mark of genuine faith, while others lean into eschatological vocation or the poured‑out vs burned‑out imagery to shape application.

Where they diverge is diagnostic and tactical. Some speakers locate the problem primarily as spiritual timidity that demonic advantage exploits, whereas others frame it as a pastoral leadership deficit needing apprenticeship and visible progress; some emphasize miraculous enablement first and ethical dispositions second, while others push disciplined human response (step first, cultivate the gift) as the condition under which the Spirit moves. Theological emphases split between pneumatological contagion (gifts drawing others) and ecclesial/household formation (mothers and grandmothers as primary disciplers); some sermons press apostolic succession and finishing well, others press last‑days vocation and public witness. The tone ranges from corrective doctrinal urgency (faith defined as assent plus costly commitment) to pastoral encouragement about sustaining ministry without burning out, and application varies from domestic catechesis and generational pipelines to immediate calls for bold public service—some stress intimate maternal transmission; others sound an urgency about public witness, and some focus on the necessity of the Spirit as the “air” of the flame while others press disciplined practices like prayer, Scripture, and visible leadership


2 Timothy 1:1-7 Interpretation:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) reads 2 Timothy 1:1-7 as a pastoral, deathbed exhortation in which Paul’s aim is to move Timothy (and the hearer) from timidity into a threefold antidote—power, love, and self-discipline—and the preacher repeatedly frames verse 7 as corrective theology and practical coaching: fear here is not merely natural anxiety but a debilitating "timidity/cowardice" (he notes NIV’s “timidity”), and Paul’s remedy is both Spirit-given dunamis (miraculous power) and the ethical dispositions of agape love and sophronismos (self-control/sound-mindedness), illustrated by examples (Joshua’s priests stepping into the Jordan; the apostles preaching boldly despite persecution) to show that the Spirit supplies courage only after a believer takes faithful steps; the sermon also stresses that stirring up the gift (v.6) requires intentional tending—prayer, Scripture, and active service—so faith is a cultivated flame, not an accidental spark.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) centers its interpretation on verse 6’s Greek anazopyrio and treats Paul’s command to “fan into flame” as a twofold pastoral command—resuscitate a smoldering ember and continually fuel a burning flame—arguing from the original-language nuance (anazopyrio construed as either kindle afresh or keep in full flame, with continuous/ongoing tense) that spiritual gifting (charisma) requires repeated, disciplined attention; the sermon reads v.6–7 together to claim the gift’s purpose is contagious devotion (charisma defined as the Holy Spirit displayed so compellingly it draws others), and it insists the Holy Spirit is the “air” without which all Word-and-discipline “fuel” is inert, so fire (faith/gift) must be cultivated in three converging ways: word, presence, and Spirit.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) treats verses 5–7 as a tightly argued pastoral diagnosis and prescription: Begg emphasizes the quality of Timothy’s faith as “sincere” (dwelling faith transmitted through Lois and Eunice) and argues Paul’s “fan into flame” is an urgent call to keep grace-given charisma from cooling; his distinctive interpretive move is to define genuine Christian faith as both credence and commitment (citing Jim Packer) rather than mere mental assent, and to press that the gift (charisma) is an undeserved means by which the Spirit equips for costly gospel service—so the text calls for conversion-shaped commitment that will sustain suffering, not a diluted therapeutic faith.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) reads 1:1-7 as an apostolic handoff: Paul’s self-designation (“apostle…by the will of God”) and his address to Timothy as “beloved child” frame the chapter as transfer of gospel responsibility, and Begg interprets the command to “fan into flame” as part of Paul’s larger concern that Timothy finish well amid desertions; he stresses the text’s pastoral logic—first encouragement (grace, mercy, peace, prayerful remembrance of Timothy), then exhortation to stir up the Spirit-given gift—arguing that gifts do not sustain themselves and that spiritual leadership requires deliberate practice, immersion, and visible progress so the gospel baton is passed without fading.

Embracing Your Divine Purpose in Challenging Times(SermonIndex.net) interprets 2 Timothy 1:1-7 as a summons to accept an eschatological vocation: Paul’s words become a template for modern believers to “accept” that they are God’s last‑days instruments; the sermon reads “fan into flame” and v.7 as empowerment to overcome cultural timidity (fear) because God’s Spirit supplies power, love, and a sound mind, and pivots from exposition into sustained application—calling listeners to surrender past failures, stop living as spectators, and step into their God-assigned, Spirit-enabled role in the mission.

Living Poured Out for God's Glory and Mission(Risen Church) reads 2 Timothy 1:1–7 as an intentional identity-imparting introduction from Paul to Timothy and develops a sustained metaphor of being "poured out" vs. "burned out," arguing that Paul’s formal self‑identification is less about Paul’s credentials and more about reminding Timothy of who he is in Christ (sonship, authority, and commission); the sermon uses the siphon image (pouring out draws on the Spirit) and frames Paul’s laying on of hands and exhortation as an impartation to "fan into flame" Timothy’s gift so that Spirit‑filled pouring out becomes joyful mission rather than exhaustion.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy of Faith(Grace Ministries) interprets verses 4–5 as a brief but powerful genealogy of faith—Paul’s emphasis on Lois and Eunice becomes the core exegetical move: the sermon treats Timothy’s faith as the fruit of a maternal/grandmaternal transmission and reads Paul’s reminder to "stir up the gift" as pastoral confirmation that spiritual inheritance (not material wealth) is the truest legacy to pass on, so the text is applied primarily to mothers as formative transmitters of genuine, teachable faith.

Empowered Mothers: The Foundation of Faith and Discipleship(The Crossings Community Church) takes 2 Timothy 1:5–6 and reads it through a discipleship and ecclesial‑vision lens: Timothy’s grandmother and mother are not merely background characters but the theological and pedagogical foundation that produces pastors and churches, so the passage becomes a template—mothers as first theologians and primary disciplers—linking Paul's charge to "fan into flame" with a concrete discipleship pipeline (domains, modeled life, gospel conversations) for church multiplication.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) zeroes in on verse 7 and provides a linguistic and practical interpretation, treating "not given us a spirit of fear but of power, love and a sound mind" as a threefold toolkit: dunamis (miraculous power) for boldness, agape (sacrificial love) to cast out fear, and sophronismos/self‑control (sound mind) to govern emotions; the sermon pairs this lexical move with concrete exhortations to "step first" in faith so God’s power can act.

2 Timothy 1:1-7 Theological Themes:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) emphasizes a theological reversal: fear is not neutral but a spiritual condition that activates demonic advantage whereas faith activates divine power; the sermon sharpens the theological anthropology by insisting there is no neutral spiritual state—believers either fan faith into flame or backslide—and situates Paul’s threefold gift (power, love, sound mind) as Spirit-wrought virtues that function together to displace cowardice with courageous, sacrificial witness.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) advances a pneumatological theme that is practically framed: the Holy Spirit is the “air” essential to spiritual fire, so theology of gifting must account for dependence on the Spirit’s anointing rather than mere technique; the sermon’s distinct theological claim is that charisma (gift) inherently aims beyond personal blessing to communal contagion—gifts are for inspiring devotion in others—thereby tying soteriology, sanctification, and mission into one Spirit-driven dynamic.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) foregrounds a doctrinal corrective: genuine faith = credence + commitment, and this has ecclesiological and pastoral consequences—if faith is only assent, the church will produce nominal disciples; Begg’s fresh facet is the sustained contrast with therapeutic religion and the urgent insistence that saving faith entails a life reconstituted by Christ (dwelling faith) which naturally issues in perseverance and gifted ministry.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) develops the theme of apostolic succession as pastoral responsibility rather than institutional power: the sermon insists gifts and apostolic authority were divinely instituted and must be stewarded by successors who practice discipline, perseverance, and visible progress; Begg’s unique theological emphasis is on the primacy of encouragement (grace first) as the means God uses to sustain ministry rather than relentless exhortation.

Embracing Your Divine Purpose in Challenging Times(SermonIndex.net) pushes an eschatological/teleological theme: believers are not incidental but are “the last‑day plan of God,” and this claim reframes present suffering as the context in which God intends to glorify himself through ordinary, Spirit-empowered people—an urgent call to accept corporate vocation and to stop treating Christianity as a spectator religion.

Living Poured Out for God's Glory and Mission(Risen Church) emphasizes a theology of identity as the wellspring of mission—Paul’s opening functions as an authoritative impartation of sonship that enables courageous ministry—and articulates a pneumatological economy where being replenished by the Spirit makes sacrificial pouring out sustainable and joyful rather than depleting.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy of Faith(Grace Ministries) advances the distinct theological theme that spiritual inheritance (legacy) trumps material inheritance, arguing that the Pauline commendation of Lois and Eunice teaches that a God-centered maternal legacy is an eschatologically significant transmission (gospel seed that outlives physical wealth).

Empowered Mothers: The Foundation of Faith and Discipleship(The Crossings Community Church) offers the theological claim that mothers are primary instruments of covenantal formation—mothers are the first locus of Deuteronomic catechesis—so 2 Timothy models church growth not merely as programmatic expansion but as generational discipleship rooted in domestic theology.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) presents a triadic theology of Christian boldness: God supplies supernatural enablement (power/dunamis), shapes relational ethic (agape love that expels fear), and cultivates inner discipline (sound mind/self‑control), together constituting the Spirit’s antidote to timidity for gospel witness.

2 Timothy 1:1-7 Historical and Contextual Insights:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) situates Paul’s letter in first-century persecution—Paul writing from the Mamertine prison in Rome under Nero (c. 67 AD), Timothy’s background (Lystra, travel with Paul, left in Ephesus), and early church ordination practice (gift given “through the laying on of hands”); these details shape the preacher’s reading of urgency, the reality of tears at parting, and why Paul frames his exhortation as familial pastoral counsel rather than abstract doctrine.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) supplies everyday ancient household context: the sermon explains that first‑century homes kept a dependable ember in the hearth (a practical cultural practice) so “fan into flame” would resonantly mean either rekindling coals or keeping a household fire burning; that domestic reality undergirds the metaphor of tending embers and shows why Paul’s audience would easily grasp the distinction between kindling afresh and maintaining full flame.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) draws on Acts-era conversion scenes (Acts 16 Lydia and Philippi) to show how “worshipers of God” could become full believers only after hearing the gospel and the Spirit opening the heart; Begg uses that cultural snapshot to explain how faith “dwelt” in households (Lois and Eunice) and how baptism signified visible conversion in that context.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) gives substantial historical context about apostleship (Jesus’ selection of the Twelve, unique and unrepeatable apostolic authority, Paul’s inclusion via the Damascus encounter recorded in Acts 26), the first‑century commissioning practice (laying on of hands, public recognition), and why Paul’s title “apostle…by the will of God” carries weight for his charge to Timothy; Begg uses that context to explain the permanence and gravity of the gospel baton being passed.

Embracing Your Divine Purpose in Challenging Times(SermonIndex.net) frames Paul’s note against the backdrop of Israelite memory and the Exodus: the preacher contrasts the generation that “knew but did not accept” God’s promises (spies, wilderness death) with the needed posture of acceptance in the last days, and he appeals to Acts 2 and the upper-room moment as the historical pattern for Spirit-empowered mission that the contemporary church should imitate.

Living Poured Out for God's Glory and Mission(Risen Church) situates Timothy as a young pastor in Ephesus with a complicated family background (half‑Jewish/half‑Greek, a father still worshiping pagan gods), notes Paul’s imprisonment and imminent execution as the letter’s context, and highlights Acts 20 (laying on of hands) as the prior episode in which Paul had commissioned leaders—context that explains Paul’s urgent identity‑imparting tone.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy of Faith(Grace Ministries) explicitly identifies the Acts 16/Lystra encounter that brought Timothy’s mother and grandmother to faith and notes that 2 Timothy is a prison letter written shortly before Paul’s execution, using those facts to argue for the poignancy and urgency of passing faith down generationally.

Empowered Mothers: The Foundation of Faith and Discipleship(The Crossings Community Church) links Paul’s mission practice to early church patterns—Paul plants churches, raises up elders, then leaves them to lead—and draws on Deuteronomy 6 as the ancient covenantal template for domestic discipleship, treating Timothy’s upbringing as a historically typical way faith was transmitted in Jewish-Christian households.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) places 2 Timothy in Paul’s late‑first‑century Roman imprisonment (Mamertine prison, Nero’s persecutions, c. 67 AD) and contrasts Timothy’s youthful pastoral position with Roman cultural respect for elders and the antagonisms Paul provoked in his mission journeys, thereby explaining the practical pressures behind Paul’s exhortation to courage.

2 Timothy 1:1-7 Cross-References in the Bible:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) deploys multiple cross-texts: John 14:27 and Philippians 4:7 are used to define the peace that results from grace; Joshua 3 (priests stepping into the Jordan) and Joshua 1 (be strong and courageous) serve as models of “step then miracle,” supporting Paul’s charge to act in faith; 1 John 4:18 undergirds the claim “no fear in love,” while Proverbs 29:25 and Psalm 118:6 are cited to rebut fear of men; Zechariah 4:6 (not by might but by my Spirit) and Acts’ examples (apostles preaching despite beatings) are invoked to explain dunamis as Spirit-power; James 1:22 and John 14:15 are used to press obedience and being doers of the word.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) groups Jeremiah 20:9 and Luke 24:32 to show Scripture and Christ’s presence as fuel that ignites hearts, Psalm 119 to present the Word as guiding light for daily cultivation, and Acts 4 to show the apostles’ boldness as evidence of Spirit-empowered fire; the sermon also references Romans 11:29 to affirm that God’s gifts and calling are irrevocable, using these references to link personal devotion (Word + presence) with Spirit anointing for public witness.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) connects Romans 5 and Ephesians 2 to explain justification by grace through faith (faith as instrument, grace as cause), draws on Acts 16 (Lydia) to exemplify how God opened hearts to the gospel, and cites 1 Corinthians 15 to show Paul’s unique apostolic experience and the corpus of apostolic witness; Begg uses these cross-references to insist faith is transformative (not merely informational) and to anchor “dwelling faith” in Pauline theology.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) assembles a web of cross-references: Acts (14, 16, 26) to narrate Timothy’s background and Paul’s conversion/commission; Mark 3 and John 16 to explain the Twelve and the promise of the Spirit guiding apostolic testimony; 1 Corinthians 15 (appearances of the risen Christ) and 1 Timothy 4:14 (laying on of hands) to tie apostolic authority and ordination to Paul’s admonition to Timothy; Romans 8 and Ephesians passages are used to underscore Spirit-indwelt identity and the promise of God’s sustaining grace.

Embracing Your Divine Purpose in Challenging Times(SermonIndex.net) cross-references Acts 2 (upper room and Pentecost as model for mission), Nehemiah (single-mindedness in a great project), Philippians 3:12–15 (pressing toward the goal and leaving the past behind), Ephesians 4 (gifts given at ascension), and Revelation’s message to the church in Philadelphia (open door despite little strength) to build a programmatic theology of accepting God’s last‑day calling.

Living Poured Out for God's Glory and Mission(Risen Church) connected 2 Timothy 1:1–7 to Acts (notably Acts 16 and Acts 20) to show Timothy’s origin in Paul’s missionary work and the earlier laying on of hands, cited Proverbs 11:25 (“whoever refreshes others will be refreshed”) to link Paul’s longing to see Timothy with the reciprocal nature of encouragement, and alluded to the Lord’s Prayer (“your kingdom come…on earth as it is in heaven”) to frame prayer as the means of being filled and then poured out.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy of Faith(Grace Ministries) grouped 2 Timothy 1:5 with Acts 16 (Timothy’s conversion context) and Proverbs 31 (King Lemuel’s oracle taught by his mother) to argue that biblical witness values maternal instruction and that Paul’s mention of Lois and Eunice is parallel to Proverbs 31’s honoring of maternal teaching and household formation.

Empowered Mothers: The Foundation of Faith and Discipleship(The Crossings Community Church) read 2 Timothy 1:5–6 alongside Deuteronomy 6:4–9 (teach them diligently to your children) and Proverbs 31 (mother as formative figure), using Deuteronomy’s commands to teach at home as the theological backing for the sermon’s practical discipleship steps and church vision of multiplication.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) anchored verse 7 to several supporting texts: John 14:27 and Philippians 4:7 to explicate biblical peace, 1 John 4:18 to show love casting out fear, Joshua 1 (God’s charge to Joshua to be strong/ courageous and to meditate on the law) to illustrate obedience/moral courage, Zechariah 4:6 (“not by might…but by my Spirit”) to define dunamis as Spirit power, and Proverbs 29:25 / Psalm 118:6 to warn against fear of man and to call trust in God.

2 Timothy 1:1-7 Christian References outside the Bible:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) explicitly cites Vernon McGee (Through the Bible) as a homiletical source—McGee’s anecdote about animals and the ramp is used to illustrate spiritual backsliding and the impossibility of remaining “neutral” in the Christian life, helping the preacher make Paul’s “no neutral” point concrete.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) quotes and applies a modern Christian writer—identified in the sermon as Catherine Coleman—using her line “I die a thousand deaths before I ever step out on any stage” to illuminate the preacher’s point about dependence on the Holy Spirit’s anointing (i.e., human preparation still requires divine empowerment) and to model humility before public ministry.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) brings several explicitly named Christian authors into the exegesis: C.S. Lewis is used to illustrate the transforming, sometimes painful work of sanctification (Lewis’s image of remodeling a cottage into a mansion), Jim Packer is quoted to sharpen the conceptual distinction between credence and commitment in saving faith (helping define “sincere faith”), and David Wells is cited to critique contemporary vague, therapeutic notions of faith—Begg uses these writers to buttress his argument that Pauline faith is particular, costly, and conversion-shaped.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) explicitly appeals to William Perkins (Puritan pastor/theologian) and recounts Perkins’ pastoral categories of hearers—Perkins’s pastoral taxonomy is used historically and pastorally to explain why Paul’s mixture of encouragement and exhortation is the correct pastoral strategy for a mixed audience; Begg draws Perkins into the sermon to model careful pastoral analysis rooted in Reformation-Puritan pastoral practice.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) explicitly referenced Vern McGee’s "Through the Bible" recollection as an illustrative memory (the cattle ramp anecdote) to dramatize the biblical warning against backsliding; McGee’s broadcast was used to reinforce the sermon’s pastoral point about spiritual drift and the need to "fan the flame."

2 Timothy 1:1-7 Illustrations from Secular Sources:

Overcoming Fear Through God's Power and Love(River City Calvary Chapel) uses vivid secular and cinematic images: the preacher repeatedly analyzes the D‑Day invasion and the opening scene of Saving Private Ryan (landing ships with ramming ramps, bullets ricocheting where soldiers must step out) to dramatize literal courage under lethal threat and to analogize spiritual boldness; he also recounts a cattle-ranch ramp anecdote (a cow digging its front feet in and sliding back down a ramp when forced) to visualize backsliding, and domestic campfire images (building and tending a fire, gas fire-pit convenience versus hands-on poking) to show the disciplined, manual work of “fanning the flame” of faith; he also uses television/culture references (HGTV, people fleeing to Costa Rica) as social commentary illustrating misplaced searches for peace.

Fanning the Flame: Cultivating Personal Faith and Gifts(Pursuit Culture) leans on practical, everyday secular analogies: the household grill/Weber vents analogy (air/oxygen controls fire intensity) to make the point that the Holy Spirit is the “air” necessary for spiritual flame; athlete-to-progression imagery (many are gifted, only disciplined few become professionals) to stress cultivation and discipline in developing gifts; and the “ember in the ashes” domestic picture—derived from ancient hearth-keeping but rendered as a modern recovery metaphor—to urge people that an ember always remains and can be rekindled into a burning fire.

Fanning the Flame of Genuine Faith and Gifts(Alistair Begg) borrows sporting and agricultural secular images as concrete moral instruction: Begg narrates watching a multi-lap ladies’ race on television where a runner heroically sprints to the lead but collapses with one lap to go—he uses this secular athletic failure to warn against starting well but failing to finish, and he employs the athlete/athlete-as-farmer/athlete-as-soldier typology (discipline, rules, endurance) to illustrate pastoral ministry’s demands and the need for steady practice and perseverance.

Passing the Baton: Faithfulness in the Gospel(Alistair Begg) frames the gospel handoff through the very secular, athletic image of a relay race baton change—he notes how Olympic gold has been lost in a few meters when the handoff is fumbled—to communicate the fragility and importance of intergenerational transmission of ministry; Begg also tells a contemporary TV-sports anecdote of an endurance race to dramatize persistence versus collapse, using secular athletics to make spiritual perseverance visceral.

Embracing Your Divine Purpose in Challenging Times(SermonIndex.net) fills its applications with popular secular stadium/locker-room and sports paraphernalia analogies: the preacher describes NFL-style locker-room rituals (tunnel run and breaking a paper wall with one’s team jersey) to urge congregants to “break through” excuses and enter active participation; he extends the sports metaphor to jerseys (why have someone else’s name on your back?) and tactical team imagery (going through corridors, hitting the field) to push believers from spectator mode into embodied mission, and he uses the modern spectacle of media and celebrity to contrast shallow spectatorship with sacrificial engagement.

Living Poured Out for God's Glory and Mission(Risen Church) uses the film Braveheart as a central secular illustration—comparing Paul’s exhortation to Timothy with William Wallace’s stirring exhortations as an example of exhortation that imparts courage, and employs the practical siphon/gasoline‑siphoning image to explain how pouring out draws replenishment from the Spirit; the Braveheart analogy is used to show how exhortation can transition people from passive followers into courageous leaders.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy of Faith(Grace Ministries) draws on high‑profile secular examples of wills and legacies—Leona Helmsley leaving millions to her dog and Nina Wang transferring billions to a Feng Shui master—to contrast material inheritance with the sermon’s central claim that spiritual inheritance (a legacy of faith) is the true, enduring bequest parents and grandmothers should seek to leave.

Empowered Mothers: The Foundation of Faith and Discipleship(The Crossings Community Church) weaves personal, culturally‑situated secular details (growing up in low‑income housing projects, examples of PlayStation and sports, anecdotes about neighbors and single‑mother realities) into its reading of 2 Timothy, using those life‑world illustrations to show how mothers in everyday, secular settings function as the primary disciplers and transmitters of theology to children.

Empowered by Faith: Overcoming Fear with Love(River City Calvary Chapel) employs World War II/D‑Day and the film Saving Private Ryan as vivid secular‑historical and cinematic analogies for courage under fire, using the visceral image of amphibious landings and soldiers facing machine‑gun fire to make palpable what biblical courage looks like in the face of mortal danger and to motivate listeners to step out in faith despite fear.