Strategic Ministry: Navigating Tradition and Theology
Summary
Chapter 16 of Acts provides a fascinating glimpse into Paul's second missionary journey, highlighting the strategic decisions he made to further the gospel. As Paul revisits Derbe and Lystra, he encounters Timothy, a young disciple with a unique heritage—his mother was a Jewish believer, and his father was Greek. Paul decides to circumcise Timothy, not out of theological necessity, but as a strategic move to avoid scandal among the Jews in the region. This decision underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity and strategic thinking in ministry, especially when it comes to removing potential barriers to the gospel.
The narrative also touches on the broader theological debate surrounding circumcision and baptism. Paul’s actions with Timothy and later with Titus illustrate the principle of adiaphora—matters that are ethically neutral. While circumcision was not a theological requirement, Paul chose to circumcise Timothy to facilitate his ministry among the Jews. Conversely, he refused to circumcise Titus when it was demanded as a theological necessity, demonstrating that the gospel should not be compromised by cultural or religious impositions.
This discussion naturally leads to the topic of infant baptism, a practice that has divided Christians for centuries. The New Testament does not explicitly command or prohibit infant baptism, leaving room for interpretation based on inferences and implications. The principle of family solidarity, evident in both the Old and New Testaments, suggests that children of believers are included in the covenant community. This inclusion is not about automatic salvation but about being part of the covenant family, with the hope that they will come to faith and embrace the promises signified in baptism.
In conclusion, the narrative of Timothy’s circumcision and the broader discussion on baptism challenge us to think deeply about the intersection of tradition, theology, and strategy in our faith practices. It calls us to be charitable and patient with one another, recognizing that sincere believers may arrive at different conclusions while striving to honor God.
Key Takeaways:
1. Strategic Decisions in Ministry: Paul's decision to circumcise Timothy was not about theological obligation but strategic prudence. It highlights the importance of removing cultural barriers to effectively communicate the gospel, demonstrating that sometimes strategic decisions are necessary to further the mission of the church. [07:22]
2. Adiaphora and Gospel Integrity: The concept of adiaphora teaches us that not all practices are essential to the faith. Paul’s refusal to circumcise Titus when it was demanded as a theological necessity underscores the importance of maintaining the integrity of the gospel against cultural impositions. [06:23]
3. The Principle of Family Solidarity: The inclusion of children in the covenant community, as seen in both the Old and New Testaments, suggests that they are part of the covenant family. This principle challenges us to consider the broader implications of baptism and the role of family in faith formation. [22:19]
4. Interpreting Scripture with Charity: The absence of explicit commands regarding infant baptism in the New Testament calls for patience and charity among believers. It reminds us that both sides of the debate seek to honor God, and we must approach such discussions with humility and openness. [12:17]
5. Historical Context and Theological Continuity: The historical practice of infant baptism and the lack of early controversy suggest a continuity of covenantal inclusion from the Old to the New Testament. This continuity challenges us to consider the historical and theological context of our practices. [28:53]
Youtube Chapters:
- [00:00] - Welcome
- [00:31] - Paul's Second Missionary Journey
- [01:13] - Vision of Macedonia
- [01:59] - Introduction to Timothy
- [02:53] - Timothy's Circumcision
- [03:45] - Council of Jerusalem
- [04:34] - Titus and Circumcision
- [05:34] - Adiaphora Explained
- [06:23] - Strategy vs. Theology
- [07:22] - Timothy's Background
- [08:16] - Prudence in Ministry
- [09:05] - Infant Baptism Debate
- [10:38] - Old Testament Covenant Signs
- [11:26] - New Testament Silence
- [12:17] - Charity in Interpretation
- [13:06] - Love Lines and Tradition
- [14:29] - Baptism as Covenant Sign
- [15:22] - Circumcision and Baptism
- [16:49] - Believer's Circumcision
- [18:17] - Family Solidarity
- [19:12] - Household Baptisms
- [20:46] - Oikos and Family Inclusion
- [22:19] - Covenant Community
- [23:50] - Adult Baptism in Acts
- [24:36] - Children of Believers
- [25:56] - Clean and Holy Children
- [26:46] - New Covenant Inclusivity
- [27:28] - Historical Practice of Baptism
- [28:53] - Early Church Controversies
- [30:20] - Correcting Abuses
- [31:01] - Conclusion and Prayer
Study Guide
Bible Study Discussion Guide
Bible Reading:
- Acts 16:1-10
- Galatians 2:3-5
- 1 Corinthians 7:14
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Observation Questions:
1. What strategic decision did Paul make regarding Timothy, and why was it significant for their mission among the Jews? [07:22]
2. How does the sermon describe the concept of adiaphora, and how did it influence Paul's decision-making with Timothy and Titus? [06:23]
3. What role does the principle of family solidarity play in the discussion of infant baptism according to the sermon? [22:19]
4. How does the sermon address the absence of explicit New Testament commands regarding infant baptism? [12:17]
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Interpretation Questions:
1. How does Paul's decision to circumcise Timothy reflect the balance between cultural sensitivity and maintaining gospel integrity? [08:16]
2. In what ways does the sermon suggest that the principle of adiaphora can guide modern Christians in making decisions about non-essential practices? [06:23]
3. How does the sermon interpret the inclusion of children in the covenant community, and what implications does this have for understanding baptism today? [22:19]
4. What does the sermon suggest about the importance of approaching theological debates, such as infant baptism, with charity and humility? [12:17]
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Application Questions:
1. Reflect on a time when you had to make a strategic decision in your faith journey. How did you balance cultural sensitivity with maintaining your beliefs? [08:16]
2. Consider a practice in your church or personal faith that might be considered adiaphora. How do you approach it, and how does it impact your faith community? [06:23]
3. How does the principle of family solidarity influence your understanding of your role within your family’s faith journey? What steps can you take to nurture faith in your household? [22:19]
4. Think about a theological debate you have encountered. How can you engage in such discussions with charity and humility, recognizing the sincerity of differing viewpoints? [12:17]
5. How do you interpret the absence of explicit commands in the New Testament regarding certain practices? How does this shape your approach to faith and church traditions? [12:17]
6. Identify a tradition or practice in your church that you have questioned. How can you seek understanding and clarity while respecting the beliefs of others? [14:29]
7. Reflect on the historical context of your church’s practices. How does understanding the history and theology behind these practices influence your participation in them? [28:53]
Devotional
Day 1: Strategic Prudence in Ministry
Paul's decision to circumcise Timothy was not about adhering to a theological requirement but was a strategic move to ensure the gospel could be effectively communicated without cultural barriers. In the context of his mission, Paul recognized that Timothy's mixed heritage could be a stumbling block for the Jewish communities they were trying to reach. By circumcising Timothy, Paul removed a potential obstacle, allowing them to focus on the message of Christ rather than cultural disputes. This decision highlights the importance of understanding and respecting cultural contexts in ministry, ensuring that the message of the gospel is not hindered by avoidable controversies. [07:22]
Acts 16:3-5 (ESV): "Paul wanted Timothy to accompany him, and he took him and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those places, for they all knew that his father was a Greek. As they went on their way through the cities, they delivered to them for observance the decisions that had been reached by the apostles and elders who were in Jerusalem. So the churches were strengthened in the faith, and they increased in numbers daily."
Reflection: Think of a situation where cultural or personal preferences might be hindering your ability to share the gospel. How can you strategically address these barriers to better communicate your faith?
Day 2: Adiaphora and Gospel Integrity
The concept of adiaphora, or matters that are ethically neutral, is crucial in understanding how to maintain the integrity of the gospel. Paul's refusal to circumcise Titus when it was demanded as a theological necessity demonstrates his commitment to preserving the core message of the gospel against cultural impositions. This action underscores the importance of distinguishing between essential and non-essential practices in faith, ensuring that cultural traditions do not overshadow the truth of the gospel. By focusing on what truly matters, believers can protect the purity of their faith and avoid unnecessary divisions. [06:23]
Galatians 2:3-5 (ESV): "But even Titus, who was with me, was not forced to be circumcised, though he was a Greek. Yet because of false brothers secretly brought in—who slipped in to spy out our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, so that they might bring us into slavery—to them we did not yield in submission even for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you."
Reflection: Consider a tradition or practice in your faith community. Is it essential to the gospel, or is it adiaphora? How can you ensure that your focus remains on the core message of Christ?
Day 3: Family Solidarity in Faith
The principle of family solidarity, as seen in both the Old and New Testaments, suggests that children of believers are included in the covenant community. This inclusion is not about automatic salvation but about being part of the covenant family, with the hope that they will come to faith and embrace the promises signified in baptism. This principle challenges believers to consider the broader implications of baptism and the role of family in faith formation, emphasizing the importance of nurturing faith within the family unit. [22:19]
Acts 16:31-34 (ESV): "And they said, 'Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.' And they spoke the word of the Lord to him and to all who were in his house. And he took them the same hour of the night and washed their wounds; and he was baptized at once, he and all his family. Then he brought them up into his house and set food before them. And he rejoiced along with his entire household that he had believed in God."
Reflection: Reflect on how you can actively involve your family in your faith journey. What steps can you take to ensure that your household is a nurturing environment for spiritual growth?
Day 4: Charity in Scriptural Interpretation
The absence of explicit commands regarding infant baptism in the New Testament calls for patience and charity among believers. Recognizing that sincere believers may arrive at different conclusions while striving to honor God is essential. This approach encourages humility and openness in theological discussions, fostering unity and understanding within the body of Christ. By approaching scriptural interpretation with charity, believers can engage in meaningful dialogue and grow together in their faith. [12:17]
Romans 14:1-4 (ESV): "As for the one who is weak in faith, welcome him, but not to quarrel over opinions. One person believes he may eat anything, while the weak person eats only vegetables. Let not the one who eats despise the one who abstains, and let not the one who abstains pass judgment on the one who eats, for God has welcomed him. Who are you to pass judgment on the servant of another? It is before his own master that he stands or falls. And he will be upheld, for the Lord is able to make him stand."
Reflection: Think of a theological issue where you and another believer might disagree. How can you approach this discussion with charity and openness, seeking to understand rather than to convince?
Day 5: Historical Context and Theological Continuity
The historical practice of infant baptism and the lack of early controversy suggest a continuity of covenantal inclusion from the Old to the New Testament. This continuity challenges believers to consider the historical and theological context of their practices, recognizing the deep roots of their faith traditions. By understanding the historical context, believers can appreciate the richness of their faith and the ways in which God has worked throughout history to bring about His purposes. [28:53]
Colossians 2:11-12 (ESV): "In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the powerful working of God, who raised him from the dead."
Reflection: Reflect on a tradition or practice in your faith community. How does understanding its historical and theological context enrich your appreciation of it? How can this understanding deepen your faith?
Quotes
"Paul wanted to have him go on with him, and he took him and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in that region, for they all knew that his father was Greek. And as they went through the cities, they delivered to them the decrees to keep, which were determined by the apostles and elders at Jerusalem." [00:15:43]
"Paul is approaching these areas from the opposite direction that he had visited them on his first journey. But the point I want us to see is this brief episode here of the joining of a new member to the apostolic entourage of a young man, who becomes known later as Paul's beloved child in the faith and who figures prominently in the life and ministry of the apostle Paul." [00:41:24]
"Paul on other matters such as food offered to idols declared these things to be adiaphorous. We learned that new word a couple of weeks ago. That is, that these things were neutral ethically. You could take it or you could leave it. Some people had scruples about it, and they were considered the weaker brothers, and Paul's counsel to the stronger brothers was not to be insensitive to these scruples as unfounded as they were of these people with respect to meat offered to idols." [00:54:16]
"Now for him, circumcising a Jew at this point in redemptive history was not a matter of theological obligation. It was adiaphorous. You can do it or can not do it. As soon as somebody said it has to be done, as was the case with Titus, Paul says, no. But here he makes a decision based, not on theology, not on ethics, but on strategy." [01:06:38]
"Every time we have a new member class or an inquirers class at Saint Andrews, and we go through the philosophy of ministry that we have here in this church, and we open it up for questions, inevitably, one of the first questions is this. Why do you people at Saint Andrews baptize babies? Now why that question comes is easy, because there are lots of folks who worship with us on a regular basis and then who come to these inquirer classes whose background is from some sort of Baptist church, and they've been taught all their lives that it is inappropriate and improper to baptize infants." [01:30:56]
"When we come to the New Testament we see that nowhere is there an explicit command given that the children of believers, the infant children of believers, are to be baptized. It doesn't say that anywhere. Therein the New Testament differs from the Old Testament, because in the Old Testament, the command to include infants in the sign of the covenant, the sign of circumcision, is explicitly set forth." [01:42:12]
"Now, please don't misunderstand me. Baptism and circumcision are not the same thing, but they are closely related. They have certain things in common. One of the things they have in common is this, as I just said. They're both signs of the covenant. In the Old Testament clearly the sign of the old covenant was circumcision. In the new covenant the sign of the new covenant is baptism." [02:02:40]
"Now, what we have in the book of Acts is the record of the conversion of people who are baptized as adults. And every last one of them is a Gentile, coming is a first-generation convert to Christianity, which of course would require that they would make a profession of faith as adults, before they receive the sign of baptism." [02:21:50]
"Finally, we find in the New Testament, the statement that the apostle Paul makes with specific concern and reference the children of believers. Now, remember I said finally, but I have some limits there. I'm a preacher. I don't have to finish with this last point. There may be a couple more. But one other point, then there'll be a couple more of this, but... that Paul writes to the Colossians, you know, and he talks about the situation... or later on to the Corinthians where he talks about the situation of what if you have a mixed marriage, a believer married to an unbeliever." [02:27:07]
"Now, Paul gives the rationale for that. And what is it? Else would their children be unclean. But now, are they holy. Now here Paul is explicit. There's no inference here. This is an explicit statement, an apostolic statement, that the children of even one believer are considered clean and holy in the sight of God. And in the language of the Jew, to be clean means to be what? A full member of the covenant community that God has set apart for himself." [02:34:55]
"Finally, the historical point. Some have argued this, that there is not a single reference, not only in the New Testament explicitly to the baptism of an infant. That's true. But not only that, but they'll argue that there's not a single reference in church history until the middle of the second century. Not one time, not one thing in all the massive volumes of literature that have survived from the second century, and there's tons of literature that have survived from the second century -- not a single statement about a child being baptized until the middle of the second century." [02:46:02]
"I think the reason why history is silent about any controversy was because there wasn't any, and the reason there wasn't any was that you didn't have a church running around teaching that baptism saved people. And in order to correct that abuse in the 16th century, because the Roman Catholic Church was teaching that baptism works ex opera operato, by the working of the works automatically conveying regeneration and justification, and the Protestants found that abhorrent, and so to protect against it, the Anabaptists in Switzerland, said, we're going to stop with this business of baptizing babies because people just like Old Testament Jews began to think that because they were circumcised they were saved, and now we have people saying because they're baptized that they're saved, and we have here the classic case, throwing out the baby with the bathwater." [02:58:09]
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