Jesus: Lord of the Sabbath and Human Need

 

Summary

In our exploration of Luke 6:1-5, we delve into a profound encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees, which reveals significant theological insights about Jesus' identity and authority. As Jesus and His disciples walked through grain fields on the Sabbath, they plucked and ate grain, an act that the Pharisees deemed unlawful according to their stringent interpretations of Sabbath laws. However, Jesus responded by referencing an Old Testament account of David, who, when hungry, ate the showbread reserved for priests. This narrative underscores a critical principle: human need can supersede ceremonial law. Jesus' response to the Pharisees not only rebukes their legalism but also highlights His authority as the "Son of Man" and "Lord of the Sabbath."

The title "Son of Man" is deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy, particularly in Daniel 7, where it signifies a divine figure with everlasting dominion. Jesus' use of this title is a declaration of His divine authority and His role as the Messiah. Furthermore, by asserting His lordship over the Sabbath, Jesus claims a prerogative that belongs solely to God, the Creator who instituted the Sabbath at creation. This assertion is a clear declaration of His deity, challenging the Pharisees' understanding and foreshadowing His ultimate authority over all creation.

The shift from the seventh-day Sabbath to the first day of the week, celebrated as the Lord's Day, is rooted in Jesus' resurrection, which fulfills the Sabbath's ultimate purpose of rest and redemption. This transition reflects the early church's recognition of Jesus' resurrection as the pivotal event in salvation history, marking the beginning of a new creation.

Key Takeaways:

- Human Need and Divine Law: Jesus teaches that human need can take precedence over ceremonial law, as demonstrated by David's actions. This principle challenges us to prioritize compassion and mercy over rigid legalism, reminding us that God's laws are designed to serve humanity's well-being. [07:03]

- Jesus as the Son of Man: The title "Son of Man" is not merely a reference to Jesus' humanity but a profound declaration of His divine authority, as prophesied in Daniel 7. This title emphasizes Jesus' role as the divine Messiah with an everlasting kingdom. [14:07]

- Lord of the Sabbath: By claiming to be the "Lord of the Sabbath," Jesus asserts His divine authority over creation and the laws governing it. This declaration is a profound affirmation of His deity and challenges us to recognize His sovereignty in all aspects of life. [20:53]

- The Sabbath and Creation: The Sabbath was instituted at creation, highlighting its significance as a divine ordinance. Jesus' authority over the Sabbath underscores His role as Creator, inviting us to rest in His completed work and anticipate the ultimate rest in His kingdom. [22:14]

- The Lord's Day: The early church's shift to worship on the first day of the week, the Lord's Day, reflects the transformative power of Jesus' resurrection. This change signifies the new creation inaugurated by Christ, inviting us to celebrate His victory over sin and death. [24:59]

Youtube Chapters:

- [00:00] - Welcome
- [00:10] - Introduction to Luke 6:1-5
- [01:08] - Theological Significance of the Passage
- [02:06] - Conflict with the Pharisees
- [03:11] - The Disciples' Actions in the Grain Field
- [04:14] - Pharisaic Legalism and Sabbath Laws
- [05:38] - Jesus' Response to the Pharisees
- [06:06] - David's Example and Human Need
- [08:01] - The Pronouncement of Jesus
- [09:12] - The Title "Son of Man"
- [11:15] - Titles of Jesus in the New Testament
- [14:07] - The Significance of "Son of Man"
- [16:34] - Daniel's Vision and Jesus' Authority
- [19:07] - Ascension and Coronation of Jesus
- [20:53] - Jesus as Lord of the Sabbath
- [24:28] - The Lord's Day and New Creation
- [26:20] - Closing Prayer

Study Guide

Bible Study Discussion Guide

Bible Reading:
- Luke 6:1-5
- Daniel 7:13-14

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Observation Questions:

1. What specific actions did Jesus and His disciples take in the grain fields that the Pharisees considered unlawful on the Sabbath? [00:25]

2. How did Jesus respond to the Pharisees' accusation regarding the Sabbath, and what Old Testament event did He reference? [00:39]

3. What title does Jesus use for Himself in this passage, and what significance does it hold in the context of the Sabbath? [01:08]

4. According to the sermon, what is the significance of the Sabbath being a creation ordinance? [22:14]

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Interpretation Questions:

1. How does Jesus' reference to David eating the showbread challenge the Pharisees' understanding of the Sabbath laws? What principle is Jesus highlighting through this reference? [07:03]

2. In what ways does the title "Son of Man" as used by Jesus in this passage emphasize His divine authority and messianic role? [14:07]

3. How does Jesus' claim to be "Lord of the Sabbath" serve as a declaration of His deity, and what implications does this have for understanding His authority over creation? [20:53]

4. What does the shift from the seventh-day Sabbath to the first day of the week, the Lord's Day, signify about the early church's recognition of Jesus' resurrection? [24:28]

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Application Questions:

1. Reflect on a time when you prioritized legalistic rules over compassion and mercy. How can Jesus' teaching about human need taking precedence over ceremonial law change your approach in similar situations? [07:03]

2. The title "Son of Man" is deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy. How does understanding this title affect your view of Jesus' identity and authority in your life? [14:07]

3. Jesus claims to be the "Lord of the Sabbath." How does this challenge you to recognize His sovereignty in your daily life, especially in areas where you might struggle to relinquish control? [20:53]

4. The sermon highlights the Sabbath as a creation ordinance. How can you incorporate a rhythm of rest and reflection in your weekly routine to honor this principle? [22:14]

5. The early church's shift to worship on the Lord's Day reflects the transformative power of Jesus' resurrection. How can you celebrate Jesus' victory over sin and death in your personal worship and community gatherings? [24:28]

6. Consider the ways in which you might be holding onto traditions or interpretations that hinder compassion and mercy. What steps can you take to align more closely with Jesus' teachings on prioritizing human need? [04:14]

7. How can the understanding of Jesus as both fully human and fully divine influence your relationship with Him and your trust in His guidance? [15:21]

Devotional

Day 1: Compassion Over Legalism
Jesus teaches that human need can take precedence over ceremonial law, as demonstrated by David's actions. This principle challenges us to prioritize compassion and mercy over rigid legalism, reminding us that God's laws are designed to serve humanity's well-being. Jesus' encounter with the Pharisees in Luke 6:1-5 highlights this truth. As His disciples plucked and ate grain on the Sabbath, the Pharisees accused them of breaking the law. However, Jesus referenced the Old Testament account of David eating the showbread, reserved for priests, to illustrate that human need can supersede ceremonial law. This narrative invites us to reflect on how we can embody compassion and mercy in our daily lives, ensuring that our adherence to religious practices does not overshadow the greater call to love and serve others. [07:03]

1 Samuel 21:6 (ESV): "So the priest gave him the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the Lord, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away."

Reflection: Think of a situation where you have prioritized rules over compassion. How can you choose mercy and understanding in a similar situation today?


Day 2: Divine Authority of the Son of Man
The title "Son of Man" is not merely a reference to Jesus' humanity but a profound declaration of His divine authority, as prophesied in Daniel 7. This title emphasizes Jesus' role as the divine Messiah with an everlasting kingdom. In Luke 6:1-5, Jesus uses this title to assert His authority over the Sabbath, challenging the Pharisees' understanding of the law. By identifying Himself as the "Son of Man," Jesus declares His divine nature and His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. This revelation invites us to recognize and submit to Jesus' authority in our lives, acknowledging Him as the sovereign ruler of all creation. [14:07]

Daniel 7:13-14 (ESV): "I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him. And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed."

Reflection: In what areas of your life do you struggle to recognize Jesus' authority? How can you begin to submit those areas to His divine rule today?


Day 3: Jesus as Lord of the Sabbath
By claiming to be the "Lord of the Sabbath," Jesus asserts His divine authority over creation and the laws governing it. This declaration is a profound affirmation of His deity and challenges us to recognize His sovereignty in all aspects of life. In Luke 6:1-5, Jesus' response to the Pharisees not only rebukes their legalism but also highlights His authority as the "Son of Man" and "Lord of the Sabbath." This assertion invites us to rest in Jesus' completed work and trust in His provision, knowing that He is the ultimate source of rest and redemption. [20:53]

Colossians 1:16-17 (ESV): "For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together."

Reflection: How can you intentionally acknowledge Jesus as Lord in your daily routines and decisions? What practical steps can you take to honor His sovereignty in your life?


Day 4: The Sabbath and Creation
The Sabbath was instituted at creation, highlighting its significance as a divine ordinance. Jesus' authority over the Sabbath underscores His role as Creator, inviting us to rest in His completed work and anticipate the ultimate rest in His kingdom. In Luke 6:1-5, Jesus' declaration as "Lord of the Sabbath" reveals His divine nature and His fulfillment of the Sabbath's purpose. This understanding encourages us to embrace the rest and renewal that Jesus offers, trusting in His provision and looking forward to the eternal rest promised in His kingdom. [22:14]

Hebrews 4:9-10 (ESV): "So then, there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God, for whoever has entered God's rest has also rested from his works as God did from his."

Reflection: How can you incorporate a rhythm of rest into your life that honors the Sabbath's original intent? What changes can you make to ensure you are experiencing the rest and renewal that Jesus offers?


Day 5: The Lord's Day and New Creation
The early church's shift to worship on the first day of the week, the Lord's Day, reflects the transformative power of Jesus' resurrection. This change signifies the new creation inaugurated by Christ, inviting us to celebrate His victory over sin and death. In Luke 6:1-5, the transition from the seventh-day Sabbath to the first day of the week is rooted in Jesus' resurrection, which fulfills the Sabbath's ultimate purpose of rest and redemption. This understanding calls us to live in the light of the resurrection, embracing the new life and hope that Jesus offers. [24:59]

Revelation 1:10 (ESV): "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet."

Reflection: How can you intentionally celebrate the Lord's Day as a reminder of Jesus' resurrection and the new creation? What practices can you incorporate into your weekly routine to honor this transformative event?

Quotes


"Now keep this in mind that according to the deuteronomic law of the old testament, it was indeed permissible for pastors by to go into a cornfield or a grain field and help themselves to the basic necessities that were available there of course, sojourners were not allowed to come in and harvest the whole crop and steal it from the farmer but this was part of the broader principles of gleaning and the like that were set forth in the old testament, so by no means was jesus and his disciples breaking the law of god." [03:33]

"Jesus obviously shows his approval for what David and his men had done in the Old Testament because Jesus is enunciating the principle that no ceremony outweighs the fundamental needs of human life. David and his men were not involved in an act of vandalism or just in a frivolous way helping themselves to the food that was in the altar, but they were eating because they had genuine hunger and were enabled to use this food that was available to them and still be working in the honor of God." [06:51]

"Because in this narrative and on this event, Jesus makes a pronouncement that is overwhelming in its importance for us and for our understanding of him. He said to the Pharisees, the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath. Now we could spend the next six months exploring the depths and the riches of this one statement that Jesus makes on this occasion to the Pharisees." [08:19]

"Well, we know that the Bible calls Jesus Son of God and Son of Man. We know that the church's confession is such that we believe that Christ is fully man and fully God, truly man and truly God, that he has a divine nature and is a human nature and so we are tempted to look at these titles in this manner and to think oh well Son of God that must refer to his deity and Son of Man must refer to his humanity." [15:06]

"Let's take just a moment to go back to the Old Testament to Daniel chapter 7 where we read Daniel's vision of the ancient of days beginning in verse 9 where he writes I watched until thrones were put in place and the ancient of days that's the title for God the Father was seated, his garment was white as snow the hair of his head was like pure wool his throne was a fiery flame, its wheels of burning fire." [16:34]

"Then to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom that all peoples nations and languages should serve him his dominion is an everlasting dominion which shall not pass away and his kingdom the one which shall not be destroyed now a lot of people think that this reference of the son of man refers to Jesus his second coming at the end of the age I don't think so." [17:47]

"Jesus is elevated to the right hand of God he goes to his investiture he goes to his coronation and he is seated at the right hand of the father as the king of the kings and as the lord of the lords now during his earthly ministry he made the observation no one ascends into heaven except he who has descended from heaven." [18:49]

"The Sabbath is a creation ordinance established by God in his original work where he worked for six days creating all that there was and on the seventh day he rested and he hallowed it he sanctified it the Sabbath was sanctified in creation and the only one who had the authority to hallow the Sabbath day in the work of creation was not the birds of the air or the fish of the sea or the creatures that God made in his own image." [22:03]

"Only the creator had the authority to institute and consecrate the Sabbath day so do you get the inference only the creator can be lord of the Sabbath day and here is the lord of the Sabbath day the one who made all things now in his incarnation is being challenged by these Pharisees for his behavior on the Sabbath day and he's saying to him what you're telling me what I can do on the Sabbath day who do you think made the Sabbath day." [22:56]

"Because the Lord of the Sabbath was resurrected on the first day of the week and in his resurrection proved the ultimate intent and purpose of the original Sabbath day by which God provides for his people a time of rest pointing forward to the future time when his people would enter into their rest by resurrection and now the Lord of the Sabbath is raised on the first day of the week." [24:28]

"And so the early church came together to worship to celebrate the sacraments and to hear the word of God on the Lord's day on the Lord of the Sabbath's day which is now the first day of the week all these things and so much more are contained in this title son of man and this claim by our Lord that he as the son of man is the lord of the Sabbath." [25:03]

"This is a clear declaration of the deity of Christ that the one who went into the grain field to feed himself and his friends is the one who has come down from heaven the only one who ever ascended to heaven to be installed at the right hand of the father as the king of the kings and the lord of the lords it is this son of man that we serve and worship on his day." [26:20]

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Transcript
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