Defending Westcott and Hort: Context and Integrity in Theology
Summary
In today's discussion, we delved into the accusations made against Westcott and Hort, two prominent figures in biblical scholarship, particularly concerning their beliefs about the deity and resurrection of Christ. These accusations, primarily propagated by Waite and others, claim that Westcott and Hort denied these core Christian doctrines. However, upon examining their writings and the context of their statements, it becomes evident that these claims are unfounded and misleading.
Westcott and Hort were deeply committed to the Christian faith, as evidenced by their rigorous ecclesiastical examinations and public affirmations of the 39 Articles, which explicitly affirm the resurrection and deity of Christ. Their works, such as "The Gospel of the Resurrection," are clear affirmations of these beliefs, and they have been endorsed by respected scholars and apologists. The accusations against them often stem from misquotations and a lack of understanding of the historical and theological context in which they wrote.
Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the importance of context when interpreting historical documents. Misinterpretations, such as those made by Sorensen, often arise from taking statements out of context, leading to false conclusions about the authors' beliefs. This serves as a reminder of the moral responsibility we bear when sharing information, especially when it concerns the reputations and beliefs of others.
The conversation also touched on the broader implications of these accusations, particularly how they reflect on the accusers' understanding of Christian doctrine and their willingness to engage with the primary sources. It challenges us to approach such discussions with integrity, ensuring that our claims are grounded in truth and context.
Key Takeaways:
1. The Importance of Context in Understanding Beliefs: Westcott and Hort's writings affirm the deity and resurrection of Christ, contrary to accusations. Misinterpretations often arise from taking statements out of context, highlighting the need for careful examination of primary sources. [10:49]
2. Moral Responsibility in Sharing Information: When we propagate false reports, even unknowingly, we share in the moral culpability of spreading misinformation. It is crucial to verify claims before sharing them, especially when they concern the reputations of others. [23:58]
3. Affirmation of Core Christian Doctrines: Westcott and Hort publicly affirmed the 39 Articles, which include the resurrection and deity of Christ. Their works consistently reflect these beliefs, challenging the validity of accusations against them. [19:17]
4. The Role of Historical Context in Interpretation: Understanding the historical and theological context is essential in interpreting statements accurately. This prevents the distortion of beliefs and ensures a fair representation of historical figures. [39:18]
5. Integrity in Theological Discourse: Engaging with theological discussions requires integrity and a commitment to truth. This involves a willingness to engage with primary sources and a readiness to correct false claims when presented with evidence. [55:46]
Youtube Chapters:
[00:00] - Welcome
[10:49] - Examination of Accusations
[19:17] - Affirmation of Core Doctrines
[23:58] - Moral Responsibility in Sharing
[39:18] - Historical Context and Interpretation
[55:46] - Integrity in Theological Discourse
Study Guide
Bible Study Discussion Guide
Bible Reading:
1. 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 - "For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures."
2. Acts 17:11 - "Now these Jews were more noble than those in Thessalonica; they received the word with all eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see if these things were so."
3. Proverbs 18:13 - "If one gives an answer before he hears, it is his folly and shame."
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Observation Questions:
1. What were the main accusations made against Westcott and Hort regarding their beliefs about the deity and resurrection of Christ? How were these accusations addressed in the sermon? [10:49]
2. How did Westcott and Hort publicly affirm their beliefs in the resurrection and deity of Christ according to the sermon? [19:17]
3. What role does context play in understanding historical documents, as discussed in the sermon? [39:18]
4. How does the sermon describe the moral responsibility involved in sharing information about others? [23:58]
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Interpretation Questions:
1. How does the affirmation of the resurrection and deity of Christ by Westcott and Hort challenge the validity of the accusations against them? What does this tell us about the importance of examining primary sources? [19:17]
2. In what ways does the sermon suggest that taking statements out of context can lead to false conclusions? How can this be avoided in theological discussions? [39:18]
3. What does the sermon imply about the integrity required in theological discourse, and how does this relate to the broader Christian responsibility to truth? [55:46]
4. How does the sermon illustrate the consequences of spreading misinformation, even if done unknowingly? What does this teach about our responsibility in sharing information? [23:58]
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Application Questions:
1. Reflect on a time when you might have shared information without verifying its accuracy. How can you ensure that your future discussions are grounded in truth and context? [23:58]
2. How can you apply the principle of examining primary sources in your own study of the Bible and other theological works? What steps can you take to deepen your understanding of context? [39:18]
3. Consider the importance of affirming core Christian doctrines in your own faith journey. How can you articulate your beliefs about the resurrection and deity of Christ to others? [19:17]
4. In what ways can you demonstrate integrity in your conversations about theology and faith? How can you encourage others to engage with primary sources and evidence? [55:46]
5. Think about a recent discussion where you might have taken a statement out of context. How can you approach similar situations differently in the future to ensure fair representation? [39:18]
6. How can you cultivate a habit of verifying information before sharing it, especially when it concerns the reputations and beliefs of others? What practical steps can you take to avoid spreading misinformation? [23:58]
7. Reflect on the sermon’s message about the moral responsibility in sharing information. How can you apply this principle in your daily interactions, both online and offline? [23:58]
Devotional
Day 1: The Significance of Context in Understanding Beliefs
In the realm of biblical scholarship, context is crucial for accurately understanding the beliefs and writings of historical figures. Westcott and Hort, two influential scholars, have been accused of denying the deity and resurrection of Christ. However, these accusations often arise from statements taken out of context. By examining their writings and the historical and theological backdrop in which they were composed, it becomes clear that Westcott and Hort affirmed these core Christian doctrines. Their commitment to the Christian faith is evident in their public affirmations of the 39 Articles and their scholarly works, which consistently reflect their belief in the resurrection and deity of Christ. Misinterpretations, such as those made by Sorensen, highlight the importance of context in preventing false conclusions about an author's beliefs. [10:49]
"Do not judge by appearances, but judge with right judgment." (John 7:24, ESV)
Reflection: Think of a time when you misunderstood someone's words or actions due to a lack of context. How can you ensure you seek full understanding before forming judgments in the future?
Day 2: The Weight of Moral Responsibility in Sharing Information
Sharing information, especially regarding the beliefs and reputations of others, carries a significant moral responsibility. When false reports are propagated, even unknowingly, those who share them become morally culpable for spreading misinformation. This is particularly important in theological discussions, where the integrity of historical figures and doctrines is at stake. Before sharing claims, it is crucial to verify their accuracy and consider the potential impact on the individuals involved. This responsibility challenges us to approach discussions with integrity and a commitment to truth, ensuring that our words do not contribute to the distortion of others' beliefs. [23:58]
"Whoever goes about slandering reveals secrets; therefore do not associate with a simple babbler." (Proverbs 20:19, ESV)
Reflection: Reflect on a piece of information you recently shared. Did you verify its accuracy? How can you develop a habit of ensuring the truthfulness of what you share?
Day 3: Affirmation of Core Christian Doctrines
Westcott and Hort's public affirmations of the 39 Articles, which include the resurrection and deity of Christ, demonstrate their commitment to core Christian doctrines. Despite accusations to the contrary, their writings consistently reflect these beliefs. Works such as "The Gospel of the Resurrection" serve as clear affirmations of their faith, endorsed by respected scholars and apologists. This challenges the validity of accusations against them and underscores the importance of engaging with primary sources to understand an author's true beliefs. By doing so, we can ensure a fair representation of historical figures and their contributions to Christian theology. [19:17]
"For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures." (1 Corinthians 15:3-4, ESV)
Reflection: Consider how you affirm your core beliefs in your daily life. What steps can you take to ensure your actions align with your professed faith?
Day 4: The Role of Historical Context in Interpretation
Understanding the historical and theological context is essential for accurately interpreting statements and writings. This prevents the distortion of beliefs and ensures a fair representation of historical figures. In the case of Westcott and Hort, accusations against them often stem from a lack of understanding of the context in which they wrote. By examining the historical backdrop and theological nuances of their time, we can gain a clearer understanding of their beliefs and contributions to biblical scholarship. This approach challenges us to engage with primary sources and consider the broader context before forming conclusions about an author's intent. [39:18]
"Remember the former things of old; for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me." (Isaiah 46:9, ESV)
Reflection: Think about a historical figure or event you have misunderstood due to a lack of context. How can you deepen your understanding of history to prevent similar misunderstandings in the future?
Day 5: Integrity in Theological Discourse
Engaging in theological discussions requires integrity and a commitment to truth. This involves a willingness to engage with primary sources and a readiness to correct false claims when presented with evidence. The accusations against Westcott and Hort serve as a reminder of the importance of approaching theological discourse with honesty and respect for the truth. By doing so, we can ensure that our discussions are grounded in reality and contribute to a deeper understanding of Christian doctrine. This commitment to integrity challenges us to be diligent in our pursuit of truth and to approach theological discussions with humility and openness. [55:46]
"Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how you ought to answer each person." (Colossians 4:6, ESV)
Reflection: Reflect on a recent theological discussion you participated in. How can you ensure that your contributions are marked by integrity and a commitment to truth?
Quotes
"Westcott doesn't say there Christ is not God. He doesn't say Christ and God are distinctly different in essence. He just says that Christ is in absolute union with God. So he recognizes a distinction. That is just basic Trinitarian grammar, right? Like Father, Son, and Spirit are distinct in person. But one in essence. So if you actually read what Westcott says there, there's nothing even remotely like a denial of the deity of Christ." [00:04:50]
"just three supporting arguments to make this astoundingly important charge that Westcott and Hoare denied the resurrection of Jesus. He worked in this book with only five books that they had written and blatantly disregarded what they clearly spoke in those books about the resurrection of Jesus. But he apparently, Waite apparently came across at some later point, someone who pointed out to him that Westcott had actually written two volumes entirely about the resurrection of Jesus." [00:09:54]
"The appropriate Christian thing to do is to step back and say, I am sorry. I have made this accusation against someone, wasn't even familiar with their writings, and I need to take that back. But instead, unfortunately what Waite did was wrote an entirely separate book called Westcott's Clever Denial of Christ's Bodily Resurrection. Now walking through those two books to just try to twist each of his words around and say, well, he didn't actually believe in a bodily resurrection." [00:11:08]
"So these men went through very rigorous ecclesiastical sanctions, not the right word, examination, where they were specifically and directly asked about their faith. And they had to confess the 39 articles. And article four is extremely explicit. And they both held to this article throughout their lives and affirmed it. And it states this, Christ did truly rise again from death and took again his body with flesh, bones, and all things appertaining to the perfection of man's nature, wherefore he ascended into heaven." [00:14:47]
"Without finding very clearly affirmation of the deity of Jesus and the resurrection of Jesus. I mean, this is not something that's hidden. It's not something that's hard to find. And literally, anyone who makes this accusation reveals that either A, they have never read anything that Westcott or Hort wrote. Or B, they have read it and they are lying about them. That is really the only two options when it comes to these two vicious, pernicious, slanderous accusations that are made against them." [00:16:09]
"Book that doesn't affirm the bodily resurrection of Jesus. So let me read just one quote from that book out of what literally could be hundreds Westcott wrote that according to the divine instinct of the first age the message of the resurrection Sums up in one fact the teaching of the gospel It is the one central link between the seen and the unseen We cannot allow our thoughts to be vague or undecided upon it with impunity We must place it in the very front of our confession with all that it includes or we must be prepared To lay aside the Christian name." [00:19:42]
"here's what's going on but then i want to actually read the statement that he has pulled out of its context there and i'm just going to read this selection of the letter to you and i want you to listen to it so that you understand what sorenson has done what horde actually said was this i owe you many apologies for my remissness in writing to you about the invitation to to take part in the essays and reviews i must decline so high in honor the chief impediment is a wide difference of principles and opinions from the body of your co -adjusters he goes i disagree with you guys widely here's what he said i fear that our own positive theology we should diverge widely he disagrees with the liberals i have or it says a deeply rooted agreement with the high churchmen as to the church ministry sacraments and above all creeds like he's passionately orthodox with that small o though he says by no means acquiescing in their unhistorical and unphilosophical treatment of theology or their fears and antipathies generally he thought they were afraid of criticism he said this here's here's the quote listen the" [00:22:57]
"yeah exactly and one of the things that i think peter said for us so helpfully a couple of sessions ago he talked about the passage that describes in the king james translation raising up a false report the idea that okay maybe someone originally way back when has created this lie even if i am not personally lying and i am not personally maliciously twisting someone's words if i take that false report and i raise it up and i spread it and i share it i share a moral culpability in that so anyone that's repeating that form of the quote that has cut off a section of hort's words and cut out a section of hort's words so that it makes it sound like he's saying evangelicals are perverted and i don't know what to do with that i don't know what to do with that i disagree with them about the authority of the bible you still bear a moral culpability for being willing to repeat that false report without taking the 30 seconds of your time that it would take to look up the quotation and read it in its context right it" [00:27:28]
"this true. This is an accusation that we hear a lot specifically because they're working on you know a biblical text that's going to shape the revision, they're working as revisers from 1870 to 1881. So we really hear early really commonly read in literature defending the King James Bible or the TR. Well these being denied the inspiration of Scripture. They just didn't believe in the inspiration of Scripture. Well no that is blatantly untrue. Both Westcott and Hort firmly affirmed the supernatural origin of Scripture." [00:39:18]
"word or maybe they believed in inspiration i'm sorry no uh westcott used that word plenary yeah yeah yeah use it and he uses it several times in his affirmation but sometimes people say oh well they didn't believe in verbal preservation and trying to make it paint their uh view as somewhat less orthodox perhaps westcott said this the bible is more than a book it is the voice of god answering to the voice of men and then he went on to say this behind beneath in each act and word there is an unseen power virtue comes forth from the letter in answer to the touch of faith that's an affirmation of verbal inspiration behind every word he says is the spirit of god working and moving in fact we mentioned earlier they were both ordained they went through in the church of england you have to be ordained to be a deacon first and then ordained to be a priest and they were both priests and then westcott went on to be ordained as a bishop they were specifically at those ordinations asked do you believe in scripture i'm going to just read the question they were directly publicly asked and what they said to it they were asked do you unfeignedly believe all the canonical scriptures old and new testament both of them firmly replied i do believe them so you know they're they're on record on public record affirming and believing in the inspiration of scripture they were asked are you persuaded that the holy scriptures contain sufficiently all doctrine required uh of necessity for eternal salvation through faith in jesus christ are you determined out of these scriptures to instruct people basically are you going to spend your life preaching this bible that you believe in and they both answered i am so persuaded and have so determined by god's grace these were christian pastors we may disagree with them at some point but they were christian pastors who were part of a theological tradition that firmly held to the inspiration of scripture they publicly confessed in examination that they believed in the inspiration of scripture and they went on throughout their lives to write and teach about and affirm the inspiration of scripture so when someone comes along and says oh they didn't even inspired that is slander that is a false report that someone has either invented or is unwittingly raising up and spreading and it is not true and Christians should speak truth I" [00:39:18]
"We need to be really careful within a particular framework. We might think, well, this person's belief involves or requires a denial of the inspiration of scripture. But it's just not true. It's not charitable to force that framework onto others and say, oh, well, therefore, their belief requires a denial of the inspiration of scripture. Do they actually deny inspiration? We have to be willing to step back and say, from their perspective, maybe I disagree with their perspective, but from their perspective, do they affirm or deny? And Westcott and Horth are both on public record firmly affirming the inspiration of scripture." [00:43:50]
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