Charity: A Biblical Call to Justice and Action

Summary

Charity is a word that has shifted in meaning over the years, especially in our modern context where it often feels bureaucratic, optional, or even competitive. Yet, when we look to the biblical roots of charity, we find something far deeper and more essential to our faith. In the Hebrew Bible, charity—Zedekah—is not simply about giving money or performing acts of kindness when convenient. It is fundamentally about justice and righteousness, a social duty that reflects the very character of God. This biblical understanding of charity is not an optional extra, but a core expression of our covenant with God and our commitment to live out God’s commandments.

Three pillars form the foundation of biblical charity. The first is the tithe, the practice of setting aside a portion of one’s resources for sacred and communal purposes. This is not just a financial transaction, but a spiritual discipline that shapes our hearts toward generosity. The second is gleaning, a commandment that required landowners to leave the edges of their fields and any fallen grain for the poor and marginalized. This practice embedded compassion and justice into the very structure of daily life, ensuring that the vulnerable were not forgotten. The third pillar is the Shemmeta, or the sabbatical and jubilee years, which called for the remission of debts and the restoration of ancestral lands. This radical economic reset was designed to break cycles of generational poverty and prevent the permanent concentration of wealth and power.

These principles are not relics of the past. Jesus himself affirmed and deepened them, making the liberation of the poor and the breaking of oppressive cycles central to his ministry. The biblical vision is not naïve about the persistence of need in the world, but it refuses to let that reality breed cynicism or apathy. Instead, it calls us to hold the tension between aspiration and reality, continually opening our hands to those in need as an act of faithfulness and gratitude to God.

Charity, then, is not just about right belief (orthodoxy), but about right action (orthopraxy). It is the concrete way we live out our covenant with God, weaving justice and compassion into the fabric of our lives and communities. In doing so, we participate in God’s vision of abundance, where the land and its blessings are shared, and no one is left in need.

Key Takeaways

- Charity is not optional altruism but a reflection of God’s justice. The biblical concept of Zedekah goes beyond sporadic acts of kindness; it is a social duty rooted in justice and righteousness. This challenges us to see charity as a non-negotiable part of our faith, not just a matter of personal generosity but a structural commitment to the well-being of others. [09:56]

- The tithe and gleaning embed generosity into daily life. By setting aside a portion of our resources and leaving the edges of our abundance for others, we cultivate a spirit of generosity that transcends mere financial giving. These practices remind us that our blessings are not solely for ourselves, but are meant to be shared as an act of gratitude and trust in God’s provision. [13:27]

- The sabbatical and jubilee years confront cycles of poverty and inequality. The biblical command to periodically forgive debts and restore land is a radical vision for economic justice, aiming to break the chains of generational poverty. While challenging to implement in modern society, this principle invites us to imagine and work toward systems that prevent the permanent marginalization of the vulnerable. [22:41]

- Charity is inseparable from covenant and commandment. Our relationship with God is not just about belief, but about living out that belief through concrete acts of justice and compassion. Charity is the visible expression of our covenant, the way we embody God’s commandments in our relationships and communities. [15:58]

- Faithfulness means holding aspiration and reality in tension. Scripture acknowledges that there will always be need, yet calls us to continually open our hands to the poor. This tension keeps us from cynicism and compels us to persistent, hopeful action, trusting that God’s blessing is tied to our willingness to share and care for one another. [19:01]

Youtube Chapters

[00:00] - Welcome
[01:00] - Reflecting on the Meaning of Charity
[03:30] - Charity in Modern Society
[07:52] - The Competitive Nature of Charitable Giving
[09:56] - Biblical Foundations: Zedekah as Justice
[13:27] - The Practices of Tithing and Gleaning
[15:00] - The Shemmeta: Sabbatical and Jubilee Years
[15:58] - Charity, Covenant, and Commandment
[17:09] - Generosity as Prerequisite for Blessing
[19:01] - Aspiration vs. Reality: Addressing Need
[21:05] - Economic Justice and Debt Forgiveness
[22:41] - Breaking Cycles of Poverty
[24:23] - Jesus and the Jubilee Principle
[25:42] - Charity as Structural Justice
[27:00] - Closing Reflections and Call to Action

Study Guide

Bible Study Discussion Guide: Charity as Justice and Covenant

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### Bible Reading

Leviticus 19:9-10 (ESV)
> “When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. And you shall not strip your vineyard bare, neither shall you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the LORD your God.”

Deuteronomy 15:7-11 (ESV)
> “If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the LORD your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be... For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, ‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.’”

Luke 4:16-21 (ESV)
> And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. And as was his custom, he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and he stood up to read. And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written,
>
> “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,
> because he has anointed me
> to proclaim good news to the poor.
> He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives
> and recovering of sight to the blind,
> to set at liberty those who are oppressed,
> to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”
>
> And he rolled up the scroll and gave it back to the attendant and sat down. And the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. And he began to say to them, “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

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### Observation Questions

1. According to Leviticus 19:9-10, what specific instructions are given to landowners about their harvest? How does this practice provide for the poor? [15:58]
2. In Deuteronomy 15:7-11, what is the attitude God commands his people to have toward those in need? What tension does the passage acknowledge about poverty? [19:01]
3. What does Jesus announce as the focus of his ministry in Luke 4:16-21, and how does this connect to the Old Testament practices of charity and justice? [24:23]
4. The sermon describes three pillars of biblical charity: tithing, gleaning, and the sabbatical/jubilee years. What are the main features of each pillar? [13:27]

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### Interpretation Questions

1. The practice of leaving the edges of the field unharvested (gleaning) was a command, not a suggestion. What does this reveal about God’s priorities for his people’s daily lives and economic practices? [15:58]
2. Deuteronomy 15:7-11 acknowledges that “there will never cease to be poor in the land.” Why do you think God still commands generosity and open-handedness, even knowing poverty will persist? [19:01]
3. The sermon says that charity (Zedekah) is about justice and righteousness, not just optional giving. How does this challenge modern ideas of charity as “optional altruism”? [09:56]
4. Jesus’ proclamation in Luke 4:16-21 ties his ministry to the “year of the Lord’s favor” (Jubilee). What does this suggest about the kind of community Jesus wants to create among his followers? [24:23]

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### Application Questions

1. The sermon describes charity as a “social duty rooted in justice and righteousness,” not just a personal choice. In what ways does this challenge your current approach to giving or serving others? Is there a specific area where you feel called to move from optional to committed action? [09:56]
2. The practice of tithing and gleaning was meant to build generosity into everyday life. What is one practical way you could “leave the edges” of your resources—time, money, or talents—for others this week? [13:27]
3. The sabbatical and jubilee years were designed to break cycles of generational poverty and prevent the permanent concentration of wealth. Are there systems or habits in your life that might contribute to inequality? What is one step you could take to address this? [22:41]
4. The sermon says that charity is the visible expression of our covenant with God. How might your relationships—with family, neighbors, or coworkers—change if you saw acts of justice and compassion as essential to your faith, not just “extra credit”? [15:58]
5. Scripture calls us to “open our hands” to those in need, even though need will always exist. When have you felt tempted to become cynical or apathetic about helping others? What helps you stay hopeful and persistent in doing good? [19:01]
6. Jesus made the liberation of the poor and breaking of oppressive cycles central to his ministry. Is there a local or global issue of poverty or injustice that you feel particularly burdened by? What is one concrete action you could take in response? [24:23]
7. The sermon mentions that generosity is a prerequisite for God’s blessing. How do you see the connection between your willingness to share and your experience of God’s abundance? Is there a story from your life where giving led to unexpected blessing? [17:09]

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Devotional

Day 1: Charity as Justice and Righteousness, Not Optional Altruism
Charity, as understood in the biblical tradition, is not merely an act of optional generosity or a bureaucratic process, but is deeply rooted in the concepts of justice and righteousness. The Hebrew word "Zedekah" captures this, emphasizing that charity is a social duty and a reflection of God's justice, not simply a voluntary act. This understanding calls us to see charity as an essential part of living out our faith, where giving is not just about money but about embodying God’s justice in our relationships and communities. [09:56]

Leviticus 19:9-10 (ESV):
“When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. And you shall not strip your vineyard bare, neither shall you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the Lord your God.”

Reflection:
How does viewing charity as a matter of justice and righteousness, rather than just generosity, change the way you approach giving and serving others this week?


Day 2: The Practice of Tithing and Gleaning—Sharing God’s Provision
The biblical practices of tithing and gleaning teach that God’s provision is meant to be shared, not hoarded. Tithing, or setting aside a portion of one’s income, and gleaning, leaving part of the harvest for the poor, are concrete ways to ensure that everyone in the community is cared for. These practices remind us that our resources are gifts from God, entrusted to us so that we might bless others, especially those in need. [13:27]

Deuteronomy 14:28-29 (ESV):
“At the end of every three years you shall bring out all the tithe of your produce in the same year and lay it up within your towns. And the Levite, because he has no portion or inheritance with you, and the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, who are within your towns, shall come and eat and be filled, that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands that you do.”

Reflection:
What is one practical way you can intentionally set aside a portion of your resources—time, money, or skills—to directly benefit someone in need this week?


Day 3: The Sabbath and Jubilee—Resetting Cycles of Poverty
The biblical commands of the sabbatical year and the Jubilee year are radical economic practices designed to break cycles of generational poverty and restore justice. Every seventh year, debts were to be forgiven, and every fiftieth year, ancestral lands were returned, preventing the permanent concentration of wealth and ensuring that no family remained trapped in poverty. These principles challenge us to consider how we might support systems and actions that offer real hope and reset for those burdened by debt or disadvantage. [22:41]

Leviticus 25:10 (ESV):
“And you shall consecrate the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, when each of you shall return to his property and each of you shall return to his clan.”

Reflection:
Is there someone in your life or community who is weighed down by financial or social burdens? How might you advocate for or participate in a “reset” that offers them new hope?


Day 4: Generosity as a Prerequisite for God’s Blessing
Scripture links generosity not just to obedience, but to the very experience of God’s blessing. The call is to be generous not only with money, but with compassion, time, and attention—living with open hands and hearts. God’s promise of abundance is tied to our willingness to care for others, and the aspiration is that there would be “no one in need among you.” Even as we recognize the reality of ongoing need, we are commanded to keep our hands open to the poor and vulnerable. [17:09]

Deuteronomy 15:7-11 (ESV):
“If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,’ and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, and he cry to the Lord against you, and you be guilty of sin. You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, ‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.’”

Reflection:
Who is someone you can “open your hand” to this week—not just financially, but with your time, attention, or compassion?


Day 5: Charity as the Concrete Expression of Faith and Holiness
Charity is not an optional add-on to faith, but the concrete way in which we live out our covenant with God and the commandments. The Torah and the teachings of Jesus make clear that caring for the poor and vulnerable is a structural part of a holy life, woven into the rhythms of worship, work, and community. Our faith is made resilient and strong when it is expressed through justice, compassion, and generosity, reflecting God’s own heart for the world. [25:42]

James 2:14-17 (ESV):
“What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him? If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacking in daily food, and one of you says to them, ‘Go in peace, be warmed and filled,’ without giving them the things needed for the body, what good is that? So also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.”

Reflection:
What is one specific action you can take this week to make your faith visible through concrete acts of justice or compassion?

Quotes

Charity, covenant, and commandment are inseparably linked. You could almost see them as a kind of trinity of, you know, three arms forming this strong triangle that for Christians, talking about our covenant with God and the commandments that are in part embedded within that covenant, well, charity is the expression by which we live that out. [00:15:59] (29 seconds)  #GenerosityBeyondMoney Edit Clip

When we speak of God's blessing in our lives, God doing wonderful things in our lives, or maybe, you know, we wonder where is God's blessing in our lives, we are still faced with this question of how generous we're being with our lives. Now, notice I'm not talking simply money here. I'm generous with our spirits, generous with our compassion, generous with our willingness to hear and listen to others. All those, that generosity is more than just an economic measure. [00:17:43] (40 seconds)  #AspirationVsRealityInCharity Edit Clip

So, you almost have this kind of aspiration that we keep aspiring to. And then, there's that reality check. So, the text acknowledges this tension between what we wish the world was like and what the world is actually like. And it doesn't deny that reality, but it also doesn't say we should become cold -hearted and cynical about it. So, it holds those two things very much in balance, the aspiration and the reality. [00:19:01] (40 seconds)  #JubileeResetPoverty Edit Clip

Because in Jesus, when Jesus announces his ministry in the Gospel of Luke, he reads from Isaiah, and he reads references to this very notion of, and it's embedded in, it's at the heart of his ministry is this notion of it, of ending this perpetual cycle of poverty. He makes that a pillar of his ministry. [00:23:55] (32 seconds)  #HolinessExpressedInCharity Edit Clip

At the very heart of a strong and resilient faith is a commitment to act in the name of justice for the poor and vulnerable. A Christian faith is not about just orthodoxy, right belief. It is about orthopraxy, righteous action. [00:25:10] (19 seconds)  #LandAsGiftSharedJustice Edit Clip

If Israel is faithful in caring for the poor, God promises abundance for all. Yet, if some remain poor, that is precisely why the commandments exist. To ensure that those with means continually open their hand to those without. Thus, charity is structural. [00:25:47] (25 seconds) Edit Clip

And indeed, the Torah portrays the land itself as a gift from God held in trust. And part of that trust is fulfilling God's justice by sharing the yield with the needy. [00:26:30] (16 seconds) Edit Clip